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There is a man whose surname is Jiang. His family has been enjoying this privilege for three generations. When asked, he told me with deep grief, "My grandfather was killed by a snake, and so was my father. I myself have been engaged as a snake catcher for twelve years and might have been killed many a time." I sympathized with him, saying, "Are you complaining about this work? I shall ask the official in charge to transfer you to your former work and renew the taxation on you. How would you like that?" 第十四讲 无生命主语句的翻译 一、教学目的：了解和掌握无生命主语句在翻译中的应用。 二、教学过程： 无生命主语句（Non-life subject sentences）: 类型： The past decade saw much great progress in our society. 我国社会在过去 10 年里取得了很大的进步 That night sleep eluded him 那天夜里他没有睡好。 Rome witnessed many great historic events.罗马城发生过许多重大的历史性事件。 Her illness prevented her from attending the conference on linguistics. 她因病没有参加语言学术会议。 Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.这位曾使全世界发出笑声的人自己却 饱尝辛酸。 译法： 1．把无生命主语转换成有生命主语，必要时切分句子，将主语分译成分句。 The word “expect” always crept into Dad’s stories.爸爸讲故事时，总要不经意地说出“期望” 这个词。 Absence and distance make the overseas Chinese heart increasingly fond of the Peking regime. 华侨背井离乡，远居国外，因此他们在感情上越来越向往北京政权。 My total ignorance of the connection must plead my apology.恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所 知。 北京世博翻译公司2. 把无生命主语转换成具体事物的主语，或是保留原主语，并同时改变与之搭配的谓语动 词，必要时须切分句子，将主语分译成分句或者单句或是调整整个句子的语序。 My arms and legs go to sleep 我的手脚不管用了。The door refuses to close.门关不上 The thought of returning to his native land never deserted (抛弃)him amid（在－之中） his tribulation（苦难，磨难）在苦难中重返故园的念头始终在他心头萦绕。 3.把无生命主语转换成汉语的状语。 Investigation led us to the foregoing (前面的)conclusion.经过调查，我们得出了上述结论。 March was to take Elizabeth to Hunsford. 三月，伊丽莎白将前往汉斯福德。 The evening of November 3 saw the IWW(industrial workers of the world )tactics bearing fruit. 11 月 3 日晚，世界产业工人协会的战术生效了。 Dawn met him well along the way. It was a pleasant uneventful ride.东方欲晓的时侯，他已走了 一大段路了，这次骑马旅行很愉快，没有碰到意外事件。 4. 把无生命主语转换成汉语复句。 Losing his fortune drove him mad. 他由于失去自己的财产而发疯。 The arrest of the flood-waters saved many homes.将洪水拦住后，许多家庭得救了。 The publisher’s rejection of his manuscript depressed him. 由于出版商拒绝接受他的手稿， 他的 情绪一落千丈。 5. 把无生命主语转换成汉语的无主语句。 The heat makes me sweat like a pig。热得我大汗淋漓。 The noise made everybody upset. 闹得大家不得安宁。 This medicine will make you feel better.吃了药你会舒服些。 5. 翻译段落练习: 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师， 其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也，固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也， 亦先乎吾， 吾从而师之。 吾师道也， 夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱， 无长无少， 道之所存，师之所存也。 嗟乎！ 师道之不传也久矣， 欲人之无惑也难矣。 古之圣人， 其出人也远矣， 犹且从师而问焉； 今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人 之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之 师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道、解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉， 或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医、乐师、百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰 “师”曰“弟子”云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：彼与彼年相若也，道相似也， 位卑则足 羞，官盛则近谀。呜呼！师道之不复，可知矣。 巫医、乐师、百工之人，君子不齿，今其 智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！ In ancient times those who wanted to learn would seek out a teacher, one who could propagate the doctrine1, impart professional knowledge, and resolve doubts. Since no one is born omniscient, who can claim to have no doubts? If one has doubts and is not willing to learn from a teacher, his doubts will never be resolved. Anyone who was born before me and learned the doctrine before me is my teacher. Anyone who was born after me and learned the doctrine before me is also my teacher. Since what I desire to learn is the doctrine, why should I care whether he was born before or after me? Therefore, it does not matter whether a person is high or low in position, young or old in age. Where there is the doctrine, there is my teacher. Alas! The tradition of learning from the teacher has long been neglected. Thus it is difficult to find a person without any doubts at all. Ancient sages, who far surpassed us, even learned from their teachers. People today, who are far inferior to them, regard learning from the teacher as a disgrace. Thus, wise men become more wise and unlearned men become more foolish. This explains what makes a wise man and what makes a foolish man. It is absurd that a person would choose a teacher for his son out of his love for him, and yet refuse to learn from the teacher himself, thinking it a disgrace to do so. The teacher of his son teaches the child only reading and punctuation, which is not propagating the doctrine or resolving doubts as the aforementioned. I don 9;t think it wise to learn from the teacher when one doesn 9;t know how to punctuate, but not when one has doubts unresolved, for that I find to be the folly of learning in small matters, but neglecting the big ones. Even medicine men, musicians and handicraftsmen do not think it disgraceful to learn from each other. When one of the literati calls another man his "teacher"and himself his "student" people will get together and invariably laugh at him. If you ask them why they are laughing, they will say that since he is almost of the same age and as erudite as another man, it would be degrading for him to call the other man "teacher" if the other man 9;s social rank is lower than his; and it would be flattering if the other man 9;s social rank is higher. Alas! It is clear that the tradition of learning from the teacher can no longer be restored. Medicine men, musicians and handicraftsmen are despised by the gentlemen. How strange it is that gentlemen are less wise than these people! 第十五讲 Metaphor 的翻译 一、教学目的：了解和掌握修辞的翻译方法。 二、教学过程： Metaphor 这里指广义上的修辞 figurative speech. 也就是，不仅指它的本义 denotation，也指 它的转义 connotation. 如以下例句： The girl murmured her thanks. 她轻声道了声谢。 It is a long story with many ands. 这故事说来话长，包括许多细节。 They cap when they pass the dean. 他们路遇系主任时，脱帽以示敬意。 A narrow trail snakes between the trees. 一条窄径在林中蜿蜒向前。 He pocketed all the profits. 他侵吞了所有的利润。 Shanghai mirrors the development and character of China.上海反映了中国的发展和现状。 When a surviving ship’s officer was later asked whether “women and children first” was the captain’s rule or the rule of the sea, he replied that it was the rule of human nature. 后来有人问一幸存的该船官员： “妇女与儿童优先”是船长的规定还是航海的规矩。他答道， 这是人性的准则。Parallelism There are teachers and teachers. = There are good teachers and bad teachers. 误译：世上有许许多多的老师 / 正确：世上有好老师也有坏老师。 她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year around. 人言鼎沸： Many people talk together and the noise they make is like the bubbling of water boiling in a cauldron.( 大锅炉) 面有菜色：Hungry-looking; look famished. 面黄肌瘦 Trigger 一词。本义是：扣动扳机。但是其转义“发动；引起；促使”可以被用得非常生动 形象。 The investigation was triggered several months ago.调查是几个月前开始的。 The tragic chain of events was triggered off.引起了一连串悲惨事件。 In classroom discussion Mary is always quick on the trigger.课堂讨论时，玛丽总是反应很快。 Certain foods trigger the desire to eat more, while others tend to suppress that desire. 有些食物能激起你的食欲，而有些却让你胃口难开。 Metaphor 的翻译原则： 1. 保留原文里的形象， 即 find an equivalent image.如： There are seasons of the heart. There are seasons in our lives, just as there are seasons to all of nature. These seasons cannot be forced any more than one can force the coming of spring by pulling at tender blades of grass to make them grow. It took me a while to understand. 心有四季。 生活也有四季，就如自然界万物都有春夏秋冬一样。四季无法人为地加以改变， 就如同一个人无法用拔苗助长的方法令春天到来。 我经过好一阵子才懂得了这点。 The police who patrolled the big city slum area that summer were sitting on a volcano. 那年夏天，在城市大贫民区巡逻的警察如同坐在火山口上。 Savored the beauty of the Texas countryside/ taste success. 北京世博翻译公司2. 实行翻译的“补偿原则”( compensation )/有时不一定得法。 The following week was family conference, something I dreaded. This was the day the dirty laundry got hung out to air in a private session between parent, child and counselor 翻译公司 (责任编辑：北京翻译公司) |