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他的朋友听到他家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。After his friends heard about her family difficulties, they offered him a helping hand. 省略是删去一些可有可无的， 或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。 但省略并不是把 原文的某些思想内容删去。 （1）冠词的省略 Because the body’s defense system is damaged， patient has little ability to fight off many other the diseases. 由于人体的免疫系统遭到破坏，病人几乎没什么能力来抵抗许许多多其他疾病的侵袭。 Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid，a liquid，or a gas. 任何物质，无论它是固体、液体或气体，都是由原子构成的。 （北京世博翻译公司2）代词的省略 The desert animals can hide themselves from the heat during the daytime. 沙漠中的兽类能躲避白天的炎热天气。 We all took it for granted that he would attend the meeting，but in the end he never turned up. 我 们都想当然地以为他会来开会，但直到最后他也没有露面。 （3）连词的省略 Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract. 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。 He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些忧愁不安。 If winter comes，can spring be far behind? 参考译文 冬天来了，春天还会远吗? （4）介词的省略 Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不许吸烟。 A body in motion remains in motion unless acted on by an external force. 如果没有外力的作用，运动的物体仍然保持运动状态。 （6）同义词或近义词的省略 Technology is the application of scientific method and knowledge to industry to satisfy our material needs and wants. 技术就是在工业上应用科学方法和科学知识以满足我们物质上的需求。 Insulators in reality conduct electricity but，nevertheless，their resistance is very high.绝缘体实 际上也导电，但其电阻很高。 重复法 第十一讲 重复法 一、教学目的：了解和掌握重复法（repetition）在翻译中的运用。 二、教学过程： 重复法实际上也是一种增词法， 只不过所增加的词是上文刚刚出现过的词。 翻译和写作一样， 本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词，但有时为了明确，强调或生动，却往往需要一 些关键性的词加以重复。 1. 重复名词 1.1 英语中作宾语的名词 1） Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧 北京世博翻译公司2） I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble. 我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。 3） They begin to study and analyze the situation of the enemy. 他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。 4） Thus, I wrote “Spain in Arms, 1937”and saw china in revolution in 19北京世博翻译公司25-北京世博翻译公司27,and later in war with Japan. 这样，我就写了《战斗中的西班牙（一九三七年）》。我也看到了一九二五年至一九二七年 正在革命中的中国，后来又看到了正同日本作战的中国。 1.北京世博翻译公司2 重复英语中作表语的名词 1） He became an oil baron——all by himself. 他成为了一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王 北京世博翻译公司2） This has been our position——but not theirs. 这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。 3） John is your friend as much as he is mine 约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。 1.3 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词 英语中长重复使用前置词，而将第二个，第三个前置词前的名词省略，翻译时则往往要把此 名词重复。 1） The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients. 医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。 北京世博翻译公司2） the story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destroyed by the capitalist industrial machine. 尤吉丝的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是资本主义工业机器摧残不幸人们的故事. 3) We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself. The product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange. 由此可见， 现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物， 是生产方式和交换方式的一系列 变革的产物。 1.4 重复英语中作先行词的名词 英语定语从句常用关系词引导，它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的先行词（名词或代词），一 方面在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系词，往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。 1） May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party, through you, for the glowing success of your tremendous revolution, which is now inspiring the world. 让我通过您最衷心祝贺伟大的中国人民及共产党， 祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利， 这个胜 利正在鼓舞着全世界。 北京世博翻译公司2） They have staged demonstrations and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow. 他们举行了示威游行和静坐， 散发了情愿书， 而这些情愿书必定会传到驻莫斯科的外国记者 手中。 3） The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left. 小学徒对老板尤其怕的要死，老板经常整他而且整的很重，简直把他整瘪了。 英语中的同位语，在译文中有时也可以重复先行词。 1） The President announced, with obvious relish, that planes took off from "shangri-la", the fictional, remote retreat in the Himalayas. 这位总统洋洋得意地宣称，这批飞机是从“香格里拉”起飞的，而“香格里拉”是一个虚构的喜 马拉雅山中的世外桃园。 北京世博翻译公司2） All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess ultimate prize. 所有这些安排都只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是女主人的最终目的。 3） Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity . 水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电源。 4） No one dared to walk out of Johnson 9;s Administration, because they knew if they did, two men were going to follow their ass to the end of the earth ,Mr.J.Edgar Hoover and head of the Internal Revenue Service. 没有人敢向约翰逊辞职。因为他们知道，要是谁胆敢这样做，就会有两个人在他们屁股后面 跟到天涯海角，这两个人便是艾德加?胡佛先生和国内税务局局长。 北京世博翻译公司2. 重复动词 北京世博翻译公司2.1 英语句子长用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。 1） Is he a friend or an enemy? 他是个朋友呢， 还是个仇人？ 北京世博翻译公司2) The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too. 这一下不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。 3) For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother. 足足有十分钟之久，他既骂我，又骂我的兄弟。 4) Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement(Edgar snow) 毛主席是一位活动家，是原动力，是创始者，是交替运用出其不意，紧张和松弛而取得成就 的战略大师 5) They covered the 19th century foreign intervention in China, Mao 9;s Long March in the mid-1930s,the French and American revolutions. 他们谈到十九世纪外国对中国的干涉， 谈到毛泽东在三十年代中期的长征， 还谈到法国革命 和美国革命。 北京世博翻译公司2.北京世博翻译公司2 英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次第三次往往只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中 则要重复动词以代替英语中重复的前置词。 1） We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other-of everything but our host and hostess. 我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况——谈到一切，只是不谈 我们的男女主人。 北京世博翻译公司2) And the body lay white and still beneath the pines, all bathed in sunshine and in blood. 这具尸体苍白而安静地躺在松树下，浴于阳光中，浴于血泊中。 3) He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength. 他不再梦见风涛，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼，搏斗和角力。 4) He supplied his works not only with biographies, but with portraits of their supposed authors. 他不仅在他的作品上提供作者传记，而且还提供假象作者的画像。 北京世博翻译公司2.3 英语中前置词也省略了，但译文中仍可以重复动词。 1） But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family 可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他的一家人都要毁 在他的身上。 北京世博翻译公司2) They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。 3) But they not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen 但是他们并没有把感情泄露出来， 只是斯斯文文地讲起海流， 讲起他们把钓丝送进海水的深 度，讲起好久不变的好天气，还讲 起他们所看到的一切。 3. 重复代词 3.1 英语中用代词的地方，翻译时往往可按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词。 1）Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears. 杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。 北京世博翻译公司2) In China, they "made mistakes", suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thus planned victory. 在中国，他们“犯过错误”，吃过错误的亏，承认错误，研究错误，从而制定了胜利的方针。 3) He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others. 他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。 4) Suddenly Sakamoto spotted the ship, she was like a sitting duck at dockside. He couldn 9;t wait to get to her. 突然间，坂本发现了那条船，那条船在码头边像个死靶子，坂本迫不及待的冲了上去。 5) The change of Taylor was that of a key man in the key slot-something that symbolized the gradual transformation of the other players. 泰勒的转变是一个把守重要关口的关键人物的转变， 他的转变象征着其他参与者也在逐渐转 变。 翻译公司 (责任编辑：北京翻译公司) |