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英语翻译技巧4(6)

时间:2012-04-05 19:44来源:trans.org.cn 作者:北京翻译公司 点击:
6) Stephen made a bow. Not a servile one-he will never do that. 斯地芬鞠了一个躬。这不是一种卑躬屈膝的鞠躬他决不会那样做。 3.北京世博翻译公司2 英语中用物主代词

6) Stephen made a bow. Not a servile one-he will never do that. 斯地芬鞠了一个躬。这不是一种卑躬屈膝的鞠躬——他决不会那样做。 3.北京世博翻译公司2 英语中用物主代词 its, his, their 等等以代替句中作主语的名词(有时附有修饰 语)时,翻译时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词,以达到明确具体的目的。 1) Happy families also had their own troubles. 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼 北京世博翻译公司2) Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their won lines 强国有强国的策略,小国也有小国的路线 3) Each country has its own customs 各国有各国的风格 3.3 英语中强势关系代词或强势关系副词 whoever, whenever, wherever 等等, 翻译时 往往使用重复处理法。 1)Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized. 谁犯了纪律,谁就应该受到批评。 北京世博翻译公司2) Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free 你们什么时候有空,就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。 3) Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution. 哪里有残酷的压迫,哪里就有革命。 4) You may borrow whichever novel in my bookcase you like best. 我书架上的小说你最爱哪一本,你就可以借哪一本。 3.4 英语用 some...and others...(some...,others...)连用的句子,译成汉语时主语往往是 谓语重复形式“的”字结构,有时也可以用“有的...有的... ”句式。 1) Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside. 上大学的,上大学了,下乡的,下乡了。(=有的上大学了,有的下乡了) 北京世博翻译公司2) On Sunday afternoon, some reviewed their lessons, and others helped the cooks in their work. 星期日下午,复习功课的复习功课,帮厨的帮厨, 3) Some played soccer and others played basketball. 踢足球的,踢足球去了,打篮球的,打篮球去了。 3.5 为了使译文明确具体,除了上面谈到的一些重复手段外,还有一种情况,英文原文没有 重复,汉译时采用一种在内容上而不是在形式上的重复手段。 1) He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men. 他想给他们增加些援助,增添些武器,增派些人员。 原文中动词 send 没有重复,译文中用增加,增添,增派等等不同形式重复同一个内容。 北京世博翻译公司2) In the Soviet Union there had been no radio, TV, or press mention of either Abel 9;s arrest or conviction. 苏联对于艾贝尔的被俘或判刑既没有电台广播,也没有上电视节目,在报刊上也没有发表。 3) Our reception in China, he would tell people, "was enormously gracious and polite";we were treated "extraordinarily well", the talks were "very businesslike, very precise, no rhetoric on either side" 他逢人便说,中国接待我们“非常周到,客气极了”,给我们的待遇“好的不得了”,会谈“非 常务实,非常明确,双方都不说空话”。 
4) To him, the birds sang. The squirrel chattered and the flowers bloomed. 鸟而向他歌唱,松鼠对他叽咕,花儿也为他开放。 5) He was proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator. 他既精于飞行,又善于导航。 为了强调,英语句子中往往重复关键性的词,以使读者留下深刻的印象,英译汉时往往可以 采用同样的重复手段。 1. 英语原文中有词的重复,译成汉语有时可以保持同样的词的重复。 1) He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding. 他在凄雨中荡来荡去,想了又想,盘算了又盘算。 北京世博翻译公司2) Gentlemen may cry peace, peace-but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以拿高寒和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。 3) He demanded total loyalty, not loyalty in the traditional sense, not positive loyalty, but total loyalty, not just to office or party, or concept, but loyalty first and foremost to Lyndon Johnson 他要求的是绝对忠诚,不是传统意义的忠诚,也不是一般的忠诚,而是绝对的忠诚,不只是 对职务,政党或观念的忠诚,而是首先 对约翰逊的忠诚 4) Prominent among the most prominent upon the most Prominent shelf were series of splendidly bound volumes Entitled "Skinner 9;s Works." 在哪个最显眼的书架上最显眼的几卷就是精装的名叫《史金那全集》的一套书。 5) "They had to stand there in that heat, watching me go in, come out, come out, go in and never saying anything." “他们在那大热天里站着,一言不发,眼巴巴看我进去出来,出来进去” 6) Blood must atone for blood 血债就用血来还。 此外,英语对仗句的前后两部分中往往有词的重复,译成汉语时,对仗句一般可以保持同样 的词的重复。 1) Eye for eye, tooth for tooth 以眼还眼,以牙还牙 北京世博翻译公司2) Out of sight, out of mind 眼不见,心不念 北京世博翻译公司2. 英语原文中有词的重复,译成汉语有时可以用同义词重复之。 1) They would read and re-read the secret notes. 他们往往一遍又一遍地反复琢磨这些密件 北京世博翻译公司2) "I know you hate me and I hate you, we had better part right now" “我知道你恨我,我也嫌你,咱们最好即刻就分手吧。” 3) Every change of season, every change of weather, every hour of the day produces some change in the magical hues and shape of these mountains; and they are regarded by all good wives, far and near, as perfect barometers. 
季节的每一更迭,气候的每一转变,乃至一天中的每一小时,都给这些山峦的奇幻色彩和形 态带来变化,远近的主妇都把这些看作是准确的晴雨表 英语原文中即使没有词的重复, 翻译时为了使译文生动, 有时候可以采用下列各种重复手段。 1. 运用两个四字词组 汉语中有大量四字词组, 这是汉语的一大特点。 四字词组比较精炼, 念起来顺口, 有节奏感, 如运用恰当,可使文字生动活泼,增强修辞效果,为了使译文符合忠实,通顺的标准,译者 有时可酌情运用两个同义或近义的四字词组,这也可以说是一种重复。 1) But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞的满城风雨,人人皆知了。 北京世博翻译公司2) The streets were overrun by Hitler 9;s bullies. 那时希特勒的暴徒在街上横行霸道,无恶不作。 3) Target priorities were established there. 目标的轻重缓急,孰先孰后,是在那里决定的。 北京世博翻译公司2. 运用词的重迭 词的重迭是汉语中常用的一种修辞手段。古代誓词中有很多这类例子,如:“青青 河畔草,郁郁园中柳”,“年年岁岁花相似,岁岁年年人不同”,“寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄 惨惨戚戚”等等。在散文中也可经常见到词的重迭运用,如“清楚”往往说成“清清楚楚”。明 白往往说成“明明白白”。英译汉时,我们可适当采用词的重迭,特别是四字重迭词组,使译 文生动活泼,通顺达意。 1) I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing. 我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡,直言无隐 北京世博翻译公司2) His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody. 他的那些孩子,也是穿的破破烂烂,粗野不堪,就像没有父母似的 3) Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him 欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的,零零落落,冷冷淡淡的掌声。 4) ith his tardiness, carelessness and appalling good humor, we were sore perplexed. 他老师磨磨蹭蹭,马马虎虎,脾气又好的惊人,我们都对他毫无办法。 3. 运用四字对偶词组 汉语中有不少四字对偶词组, 在这个四字中前后两对字形成对偶, 往往具有相同或类似的含 义, 所以也是一种重复。 英译汉时我们可酌情采用此类对偶四字词组, 使译文显得生动活泼。 great contributions 丰功伟绩 gratitude 感恩戴德 ingratitude 忘恩负义 prosperity 繁荣昌盛 eternal glory to 永垂不朽 vivid 生动活泼 hesitate 彷徨犹豫 arrogance 骄傲自大 grotesque 奇形怪状 
careless in chaos street gossip rumors 粗心大意 乌烟瘴气 街谈巷议 流言蜚语 1) I was admittedly shy 我是以腼腆胆怯著称的 北京世博翻译公司2) It was a bright September afternoon, and the streets of New York were brilliant with Moving men. 这是九月的一个晴朗的下午,纽约的大街上,人来人往,五光十色。 3) Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished. 不管开始时我们对这架飞机有什么不放心,这种顾虑不久就烟消云散了 4) If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful Period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日,却是少数人伤心失意之时。 5) He sat there and watched them, so changelessly changing, so bright and dark, so grave and gay. 他坐在那儿注视着,觉得眼前的景象,既是始终如一的,又是变化多端,既是光彩夺目,又 是朦胧黑暗,既是庄严肃穆,又是轻松愉快。 定语从句的翻译 第十二讲 定语从句的翻译 一、教学目的:了解和掌握在翻译中运用不同的方法来处理定语从句。 二、教学过程: 限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用,在意义上与先行项密切不可分。如被省去, 主句的意思就含糊不清,甚至变得毫无意义。关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。 1. 定语词组 ①I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided.我只有一盏指路明灯。 ②the thread which bound her so lightly to girlhood and home were irretrievably broken ……而那 些把她和少女时代以及故乡轻轻系住的柔丝,不得不就此断绝了。 翻译这类从句,常常是将关系词省去,在句未加“的”字,放在被修饰项之前。当然,也可视 其情况不用“的”字,如①和②。这种译法用得普遍,尤其适用于译简短的定语从句。 北京世博翻译公司2. 并列从句 1)省略英语的先行项 ①The lungs are subjected to several diseases which are treatable by surgery.肺易受几种疾病的 侵袭,但均可经手术治疗。 ③As a result,a hum of gossip was set going which moved about the house in that secret manner common to gossip.结果就造成一阵闲话,暗中在公寓里流传,闲话一般都是如此的。 ④A will had been made which divide the small tax –eaten property equally among the remaining four, so that it was really of no interest to any of them.遗嘱已立好, 把这片快要给税吃光的薄产 平分给四个孩子,但谁都对此不感兴趣。 北京世博翻译公司2)重复英语的先行项 ①At dinner I found myself placed between Mrs. Bradly ,and a shy girl who seemed even younger than the other.席间,我发现自己坐在布拉得雷太太和一腼腆的女孩子中间;她看上去比其余  翻译公司 (责任编辑:北京翻译公司)
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