翻译题型三大考点 1. 固定搭配 2. 核心语法 3. 核心动词以及动词短语 1. 固定搭配考点 ? 这是翻译中的最为核心的考点，也是近几 次命题密度最高的知识点。比如说名词与 比如说名词与 动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配， 动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副 词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配， 词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配，更为重 要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达， 要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达，这 些都可能成为本次考试的命题重点。 些都可能成为本次考试的命题重点 With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk him out of buying a car __________________________(说服他不 买车). 2. 核心语法考点 ? 这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考 题考点的重现和转移。核心语法考点最重 虚拟语气， 从句知识、 要的虚拟语气，其次从句知识、倒装结 构、非谓语动词、宾语补足语、形式 非谓语动词、宾语补足语、 主语、 主语、形式宾语等。 1. I find it hard to get along with her. 2. It is true that he won the game . 3. I heard you (singing this morning). 4. He showed me his hands (full of blood). 宾语补足语就是用形容词、副词、分词、 介词短语、不定式或名词等对宾语进行补充 或说明，通常宾语补足语与宾语之间有逻辑 上的主谓关系。 did he overcharge me ? Not only ___________________________ (他向我收费过高), but he didn’t do a good repair job either. 3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查 ? 例1：Though a skilled worker, ____________________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis . dismiss, discharge, fire ? 1. 在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案 多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握 重点核心表达。 (为了挣钱供我上学)______________________, mother often takes on more work than is good for her . To earn money for my education; To earn money for my schooling ; In order to make money to finance my education ; In order to make money to fund my education ; In order to earn money to afford my education ? 2. 绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择 题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新六级翻 译考点 ? You will not be particular about your food in time of great hunger. ? 5. 深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘 深度分析已考翻译试题， 潜在考点，学会举一反三。 潜在考点，学会举一反三。 解题方法 ? 第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不 看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、 时态。 ? 所谓形式包括： 所谓形式包括： 1. 词组固定搭配（不定式短语、分词短语、 词组固定搭配（不定式短语、分词短语、 动名词、句子等） 动名词、句子等） 2.虚拟 虚拟 3.被动 被动 ? 所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语 所谓时态是指： 句子判断所填英语句子的时态。 句子判断所填英语句子的时态。 ? 第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心 谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定 状补。 ? 第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补， 切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态， 名词注意单复数。 Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _________ (适应不同文化 中的生活).[ 06.12] ? [解题步骤]: 第一步：由it is not easy to可以推出，划线处应该接动词 原形。 第二步：划分成分“适应不同文化的生活” 核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语， “生活”作宾语。 第三步： 1.切块对应翻译：“适应”=adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself to；“生活”=life；“不同文化的”=different cultures 2.重新组合：adapt oneself to the life in different cultures 1. I find it hard to get along with her. 2. It is true that he won the game . 3. I heard you (singing this morning). 4. He showed me his hands (full of blood). 宾语补足语就是用形容词、副词、分词、 介词短语、不定式或名词等对宾语进行补充 或说明，通常宾语补足语与宾语之间有逻辑 上的主谓关系。 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。 admit advocate appreciate avoid consider defer延缓, 推迟 delay deny enjoy escape finish imagine include keep mind miss postpone practice quit recall phrases: be devoted to be opposed to be used to be committed to relish喜欢 resent对…感到愤怒 resist抵抗; 对抗 risk suggest can’t help get through give up go on insist on leave off look forward to object to put off with a view to 为了, 为的是 make a contribution to 虚拟语气 第一种：由 “ if ”引导的非真实条件句 ? 1. 与现在的事实相反 If …+ were/did…, … + would/should/could/might do… ? 2. 与过去的事实相反 If --- + had done…, … +would/ should have done… ? 3. 与将来的事实可能相反： 与将来的事实可能相反： If ---+ should do/ were to do/did…, …+ would/ should do… 第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的宾语从 句中 ? 从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth” insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , command (命令) , direct, propose (建议) , demand (要求) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请 求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提 倡) ,maintain(坚决主张) 第三种： “It + be + important (necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent , insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---”结构中的that 引导 的从句中 第四种： ? 当advise, decision, desire, demand, idea, order, motion, necessity, insistence, instruction, plan, preference, proposal, pray, recommendation, requirement, resolution, suggestion, understanding等名词后接接表 语从句或同位语从句时， ? 从句的谓语用“should+动词原形” ? The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone. ? The professor gave order that the test be finished before 7:30. 第五种： 第五种：虚拟语气用于方式状语从句中 ? 在as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句中， 虚拟语气的形式是：用过去时表示与现在 事实相反；用过去完成时表示对过去事实 的假设。 It seems as if it were spring. She appeared as if she had known nothing about it. 第六种：虚拟语气用于目的状语从句中 在lest, for fear that, in case 等引导的目的状语从 句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”来构成虚 拟语气； supposing, provided（倘若……） 在so that, in order that，on condition that （如果） 等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词除了用 “should+动词原形”外，还可以用“might, could+动词原形”来构成虚拟语气。 She’s studying hard for fear that he should fall behind. 七、虚拟语气用于让步状语从句中 even if /even though引导的让步 状语从句中，其从句的谓语动词 形式 I wouldn't lose courage even if I should fail ten times. 就好了） 八、If only（如果 （如果……就好了）后用虚拟语 就好了 气 ? 谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现 的愿望 ? 用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望 If only he had remembered to bring her here yesterday. I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 第九种：It is time that --- “该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。 It is time (that) we went to bed . ? 注意: time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或 high(表示“强调”) 等。 第十种：wish ? 一)、对现在情况的虚拟 与现在的事实相反 ： 与现在的事实相反)： 、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反 were/was，实义动词用过去式 1. I wish (that)I knew the answer to the question. 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. 和过去的事实相反)： 二)、对过去情况的虚拟 和过去的事实相反 ： 、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。宾语从句的谓语 用had done/would, could, might have done 表示将来的主观愿望)： 三)、对将来情况的虚拟 表示将来的主观愿望 ： 、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望 从句动词would/should/could/might do 第十一种： “whether 引导的让步状语从句中，从句谓 whether” 引导的让步状语从句中， whether 语用原形动词。 语用原形动词。 ? All engines work on this principle, whether they be large or small. ? We must finish the work before we go be home, whether it ________early or late. ? Be it so, we must continue to do the test. ? We must do our best to fulfill the task, be it ever so hard. 用介词或介词短语表示虚拟条件 ? without（没有），but for（要不是），in without（没有）， ），but for（要不是）， ），in of（如果没有） the absence of（如果没有）或were it not for（要是没有），but that（要不是）等。 for（要是没有），but that（ ） ）， ? Without electricity, there would not be modern industry. ? But for the leadership of the Party, we couldn’t couldn t live such a happy life. ? In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth. 第十二种： 第十三种： 虚拟语气用在had 虚拟语气用在had better, had best, had rather宁愿 rather, would sooner, would rather宁愿 +do ? ? ? ? ? ? You had better close the window. I would rather stay at home. You had best leave her alone. don’t I’d If you don t mind, I d rather not see the play. I had rather put the books on the desk. Liu Hu Lan would sooner die than surrender. 第十四种： that...句型中 句型中， ? 虚拟语气用在...had hoped that...句型中， 虚拟语气用在...had 表示过去未实现的愿望，意为“ 表示过去未实现的愿望，意为“原本希 ...”，从句谓语用would do。 望... ，从句谓语用would + do。 ? I had hoped that she would answer my letter. ? We had hoped that you would change your mind. ? 能够表示虚拟条件的词和短语还包括： but that(要不是)、without(没有)、 otherwise(否则)、or(不然)等 ? 全部倒装(Full Inversion) 1.表示地点、方向、时间的副词或者介词放在 句首时，句子要完全倒装。这类词通常有 here，there，up，down，out，in，away， now，then等 ? Here comes the postman! 2.地点状语置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。 地点状语置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。 地点状语置于句首时 ? At the front of the hall sat the headmaster. 部分倒装(Partial Inversion) 3. “only + 状语”放在句首，句子需要部分倒装。例如： ? 1.so + a./ad.以及to such a degree，to such an extent，to such a point放在句首，表示程 Only under special circumstances are freshmen 度，句子要部分倒装。例如： permitted to take make-up tests. ? 2. 在句子中作状语的含有否定意义的词或短语放在句 首时，句子要用部分倒装，这些否定副词有： barely， hardly，little，seldom， rarely, scarcely…when, no sooner…than，no more， no longer， nor，nearly， never，not，neither，nowhere，not until， not only…but also…， at no time，by no means，on no account，in no case，under no circumstances。 Hardly had he money the the house cost ? So much heard did news when thatcollapsed. buy it. he we didn’t ? To such an extent do prices rise that I Not only did we lose all jobs.money, have to take more our but we also came close to being broke. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. b 4. as/though引导让步状语从句，必须采用倒装结构， 引导让步状语从句， 引导让步状语从句 必须采用倒装结构， 但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。 但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。 As/Though he is young, he knows a lot. ? Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. 5. 由if引导的虚拟语气，省略if后可以部分倒装。 if if If it were to rain, she would take her umbrella. Were it to rain, she would take her umbrella. If she were younger, she would do it . If he had not got more salary, he would have left the company. 翻译公司 (责任编辑：北京翻译公司)