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利蓓加： “怎么？你不爱他（爱米丽的哥哥）？” 爱米丽： “我当然爱他。 ” （Yes, of course, I do = Yes, of course I love him.） 北京世博翻译公司2. 增补原文句子中所省略的动词 3) Reading makes a full man; conference (…) a ready man; writing (…) an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。 4) An Eagle and a Fox had long lived together as good neighbors; the Eagle (…) at the summit of a high tree, the Fox (…) in a hole at the foot of it. 一只鹰和一只狐狸长期友好地住在一起， 鹰住在一棵高高的树顶上， 狐狸住在树下 一个洞里。 5) We don’t retreat, we never have (…) and never will (…). 我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。 6) “No!” Jesse jumped up. “No, I believed that too. But I don’t (…) now. ” “不！ ”杰西跳起来了。 “不，过去我也是相信的。可是现在，我不相信了。 ” 7) He remembered the incident, as had his wife (…). 他记得这件事，他的妻子早就记起了。 8) Everything was on a larger scale for him, the highs were higher, the lows (…) lower. 他总是喜欢夸大事实，高的说得更高，低的说得更低。 3. 增补原文比较句中的省略部分 1) The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 仆人们愿意服侍她，就象他们愿意服侍他们的女主人一样。 原文全句应是 The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were ready to serve their own mistress. 北京世博翻译公司2) Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。 原文全句应是 It is better to be wise by the defeat of others than to be wise by the defeat of your own. 3) I can say to you, without any flattery, that the Chinese way of co-operations is more inventive and fruitful than others. 我可以对你说-------我这样说没有任何奉承之意-------中国的合作方式比别国的合 作方式更有特色，更有成果。 原文全句应是 I can say to you, without any flattery, that the Chinese way of co-operations is more inventive and fruitful than the way of co-operations of others. 4. 增补原文含蓄条件句中的省略部分 1) We didn’t admit it (escape) was impossible. To do so would have been to surrender one of our hopes. 我们认为越狱不是不可能的。 如果认为不可能， 那就等于把我们仅存的一点希望也 放弃了。 北京世博翻译公司2) In agreeing to what was already the status quo, Khrushchev would have had far more to gain than lose. 假如赫鲁晓夫已同意维持现状，对他来说就会是得多失少。 3) At the time of Kennedy’s assassination, Kissinger felt that a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster. 肯尼迪遇刺时，基辛格认为，如果肯尼再任一届总统的话，大概不是立大功，就是 闯大祸。 4) He could understand a passive opposition from Kennedy loyalists, but an open one would have dire consequences. 他了解到忠于肯尼迪的那些人在消极反对他， 但是如果他们公开反对， 那就会产生 可怕的后果。 5） But without Adolf Hitler, almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich. 然而，如果没有阿道夫?希特勒，那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。 充例句： 补充例句： Where there is water, there is life。 Now, years later, that evening’s loveliness---I so nearly missed---is one of my most cherished memories.如今多少年过去了，那个我差点失之交臂的迷人夜晚如今却成了我最珍贵的记忆。 When I turned around, John was grinning, expectant, studying my face intently to see if he had pleased me. He had.我转过身，只见约翰正咧着嘴笑，满脸期待的神情；他热切的目光想从 我的脸上探明他是否博得了我的欢心。他确实博得了我的欢心。 Long-stemmed models ankled through the lobby. 身材修长的模特儿们袅袅婷婷的走过大厅 Fortune knocks at every man’s door once in a life, but in a good many cases, the man is in a neighboring saloon and does not hear her.每个人的一生中，幸运之神都只来敲一次门，可是许 多情况下，那个受到眷顾的人竟在隔壁的酒馆里，听不见她敲门。 The public don’t like him. He’s too quiet for them, that’s the trouble. 大家都不喜欢他， 他们觉得 他太安静，问题就在这儿. I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.我希望这次会议不要开得 太久，太久了只会浪费时间。 A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories and his conclusion. 科学家经常设法否定自己的假设、推翻自己的理论，并放弃自己的结论。 Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity. 不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过多、湿度过大的情况下使用这台电脑。 They could sense her (titanic) mass, her eerie quiet and the ruined splendor of a lost age. 他们能体会到它船体的巨大， 感受到它周围的可怕沉寂， 领略到因岁月的流逝而造成的凄凉 景观。 大作收到，我十分高兴。I was very glad to have received your writing. 没有调查就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation has no right to speak. 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. The sky had turned a sullen gray. As he left the park, scattered raindrops felt like slivers of ice. 天空变成阴沉沉的灰色。他离开公园时，零零稀稀的雨点落在脸上，感觉像薄薄的冰片儿。 Since her earliest walking period she had been as the right hand of her mother. What scrubbing, baking, errand-running, and nursing there had been to do she did. 自从她会走路的时候起，她就是母亲的好帮手。擦地板，烤面包，跑差事，喂孩子，样样都 是她做的事儿。 New buildings, massive in span and artful in design, have sprung up everywhere. A plethora of stores and shops have sprouted everywhere.一幢幢新建的高楼大厦在各处拔地而起， 规模宏伟， 设计精美。到处冒出了大大小小的数不胜数的商店。 省略法（减词法） 第十讲 省略法（减词法） 一、教学目的：了解和掌握省略法（omission）在翻译中的运用。 二、教学过程： 省略（omission）是指原文中有写词在译文中译不出来，因为译文中虽无其词而已有其 意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反而嫌累 赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。 但省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。 现从语法角度和修 辞角度分别举例探讨省略法： A. 从语法角度来看 1. 省代词 1.1 省略作主语的人称代词 (1) 根据汉语习惯，前句出现一个主语，后句如仍为同一主语，就不必重复出现。英 语中通常都有主语，因此人称代词做主语往往多次出现，这种人称代词汉译时常常 可以省略。 1) He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable 他消瘦而憔悴， （……）看上去一副可怜相。 北京世博翻译公司2) But it’s the way I am and try as I might , I haven’t been able to change it. 但我就是这个脾气， （……）虽然几经努力， （……）却未能改变过来. 3) They had ground him beneath their heel, they had taken the best of him, they had murdered his father, they had broken and wrecked his wife, they had crushed his whole family. 他们把他踩在脚底下，压的粉碎，他们榨干了他的精髓， （……）害死了他 的父亲， （……）摧残了他的妻子， （……）毁了他的全家。 4） Laura wished now that she was not holding that piece of bread-and-butter ,but there was nowhere to put it and she couldn’t possibly throw it away. 这时劳拉宁愿（……）手里没有这块涂上黄油的面包，拿着又没有地方放， （……）又不可能扔掉。 （北京世博翻译公司2）泛指的英语人称代词做主语时，即使是作第一个主语，译文中往往也可以省略。 1) We live and learn. （……）活到老，学到老。 北京世博翻译公司2) You can never tell. （……）很难说。 3）Everywhere you can find new types of men and object in New China. 新中国（……）处处可以看到新人，新事物。 4）Even as the doctor was recommending rest ,he knew that this in itself was not enough ,that one could never get real rest without a peaceful mind. 医生尽管建议休息，他也知道休息本身是不够的，如果心情不平静， （……） 是休息不好的。 5）All those years in the military, where there were certain standards and rules; where young men treated their superiors with respect; where you gave an order and it was obey; where a uniform meant you were all on the same side. 多年来的军队生涯，那里总是有一定的标准和规则；年轻人尊敬上级， （……） 发出命令，人人遵守，同样的制服就意味着（……）站在同一边。 1.北京世博翻译公司2 省略做宾语的代词 英语中有些作宾语的代词，不管前面是否有提到过，翻译时往往可以省略。 1） The more he tried to hide warts, the more he revealed them. 他越是要掩盖他的烂疮疤，就越是会暴露 （……） 。 北京世博翻译公司2）She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him for it. 她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好象表示感谢（……） 。 3）In fact, Hitler’s “blitz” carried him so far, to the very gate of Leningrad by September, a city he was never to seize. 事实上希特勒所进行的“闪电战”曾（……）深入苏境，九月份已直逼列宁 格勒-------一座他始终未能攻陷的城市。 1.3 省略物主代词 英语中的物主代词，汉译时往往可以省略，例如 I wash my face in the morning, 汉语 只需要说“我早上洗脸” ，而不必说“我早上洗我的脸” 。 1） So the train came, he pinched his little sister lovingly, and put his great arms about his mother’s neck and then was away. 于是火车来了，他爱抚地捏了一下 （……）小妹妹，用（……）两条巨大的 胳膊楼了一下（……）母亲的脖子，然后就走了。 北京世博翻译公司2）She went, with her neat figure, and her sober womanly step, down the dark street. 他顺着黑暗的街道走去，显出（……）利落匀称的身材，迈着（……）端庄 的女人的步子。 3）She felt the flowers were in her figures, on her lips, growing in her breast. 她觉得（……）手里和（……）唇上都是花儿， （……）胸中也生长着花儿。 4）He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. 他耸耸（……）肩，摇摇（……）头， （……）两眼看天，一句话不说。 北京世博翻译公司2. 省略非人称的或强势句中的 it it 也是一种代词，但这里主要是讲它的两种特殊用法，即非人称用和强调用。英语 中这样用的 it，汉译时往往可以省略不译。 北京世博翻译公司2.1 非人称 it 1）Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。 北京世博翻译公司2）He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15. 他一看表，是七点一刻了。 3）It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate. 她关上园门时，已是暮色苍茫了。 北京世博翻译公司2.北京世博翻译公司2 强势用 it 1）It was only then that I began to have doubts whether my story would ever be told. 只是在这个时候，我才开始怀疑，我的经历究竟能不能公诸于众呢！ 北京世博翻译公司2）It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house. 他费了不少劲才找到了回家的路。 3）Peter has always enjoyed claiming that it was he and not George, who was the first to reach the summit of the mountain. 彼得一直津津乐道的是，第一个到达山顶的实际上并不是乔治，而是他自己。 3. 省略连接词 汉语词语之间连接词用的不多，其上下逻辑关系常常是暗含的，由词语的次寻来 表示。英语则不然，连接词用的比较多。因此，英译汉时在很多情况下可不必把连接词译出 来。 翻译公司 (责任编辑：北京翻译公司) |