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英语翻译技巧4(4)

时间:2012-04-05 19:44来源:trans.org.cn 作者:北京翻译公司 点击:
3.1 省略并列连接词 1)He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些忧愁不安。 北京世博翻译公司2)Despite the privation, and the mounting toll of dead and wounded, however, mo

3.1 省略并列连接词 1)He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些忧愁不安。 北京世博翻译公司2)Despite the privation, and the mounting toll of dead and wounded, however, morale remained intact, and people still smile in the street. 尽管供应不足,伤亡增加,然而士气并未受到影响。街上,人们照常脸有笑容。 3)He considered it (National Security Council) too large and bulky and thus leaky, too many people who talked too much 他认为国家安全委员会机构太庞大,人多嘴杂,容易泄密。 4) Your son or your father or your wife or your cousin or your best friend or your boss or your secretary might be an informer for Heydrich’s organization… 你的儿子,你的父亲,你的妻子,你的表亲,你的好友,你的上司,你的秘书, 都可能是海得里希的组织的告密者…… 3.北京世博翻译公司2 省略从属连接词 (1)省略表示原因的连词 英语因果句中一般用连接次表示原因, 而汉语则往往通过词序先后来表示因果关系, “因”在前, “果”在后。因此,英译汉时往往可以把原文中这种连接词省掉不译。 1)We knew spring was coming as (because) we had seen a robin. 我们看见了一直知更鸟,知道春天快要到了。 北京世博翻译公司2)He declined to amplify on the President’s statement, since he had not read the text. 他没有看到总统讲话的文本,不愿意加以发挥。 3)Because the departure was not easy, we made it brief. 告别这件事难受得很,我们就作的简短一些。 表示条件的连接此 if,一般译为“假如”“如果”等,但在日常口语体或文言文结 、 构中,往往可以省略不译。 1)If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了。春天还会远吗? 北京世博翻译公司2)If I had known it, I would not have joined in it. 早知如此,我就不参加了。 3)If a spot turned hot, we’d overfly it frequently. 哪个地方乱子激化了,我们就频频飞临该地上空。 4) “You’ve got to be careful of these Eastern lawyers. If you are not careful, they’ll take you and turn you inside out.” “对这些东部的律师可得提防。一不小心,他们就会抓着你那你整得够戗! ” 3.3 省略表示时间的连接词 表示时间关系的 when 和 as 等,汉译时一般用“当……时” ,或仅用“时” 。但如 汉语时间先后次序明显,为了简略起见, “当……时”或“时”往往可以省略。 1)John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother. 火车停了,约翰郁郁地站了起来,因为他想起了病中的母亲。 北京世博翻译公司2) When at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully. 最后他站到了悬崖上,转过身来,忧郁地看这他的妹妹。 3)He stood there, handsome, reserved----somehow those four stars visible even when he was in civvies. 
他站在那里, 漂亮而矜持, 他穿着便服, 然而他那上将的四颗星似乎隐约可见。 4)At long last, on June 6, 1944, after the European war was basically decided Hitler licked, the allies launched their long-delayed western front. 一九四四年六月六日,欧洲战局基本已见分晓,希特勒败局已定,盟军才终于 迟迟开辟了西线战场。 4. 省略冠词 英语有冠词,汉语没有冠词,因此,英译汉时往往可将冠词省略。 1).A teacher should have patience in his work. 当教员的应当有耐心。 (省略表示类别的不定冠词 A) 北京世博翻译公司2)The horse is a useful animal. 马是有益的动物。 (省略表示类别的定冠词 The) 3)The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 月亮慢慢从海上升起。 (省略表示独一无二事物的定冠词 The ) 4)The proletariat and the peasantry must unite ! 无产阶级和农民阶级必须联合起来! (省略表示阶级的定冠词 The) 5)The girl standing at the window is his sister. 站在窗口的(那个)姑娘是他妹妹。 (这里 girl 后面有定语,定冠词 The 汉译 时可省,可不省。 ) 英译汉时,省略原文中的冠词是一般情况。但在某些场合,冠词却不能省略,例如: 1)He left without saying a word. 他一句话不说就走了。 (不定冠词 a 或 an 指“一”时,不能省) 北京世博翻译公司2)Egbert said he was getting a dollar a mile. 埃格伯特说,他(开车)每开一英里就赚一块钱。 (不定冠词 a 或 an 指“每一” 时,不能省) 3)The children are of an age. 这些孩子都是同岁的。 (不定冠词 a 或 an 指“一”时,不能省) 4)The onlookers saw the little party climb ashore. 看的人只见那一小队人怕上岸去。 (定冠词 the 强调“这”“那”时也不宜省) 、 5. 省略前置词 一般说来,表示时间和地点的英语前置词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大都可以省略, 出现在句尾大都不省略。 5.1 省略表示时间的前置词 1)The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。 比较:中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。 (前置词译成汉语在句首时可以省略,在句尾就没有省略) 北京世博翻译公司2)In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal. 一九五六年七月,埃及占领了苏伊士运河。 (英语前置词 in 译成汉语因在句首,可以省略) 3)The mother sub was cruising near Wake Island on December 北京世博翻译公司2 when we heard hostilities were to begin December 7. 十二月二日我们的母艇正在威克岛附近巡航, 这时我们听说战争要在十二月七 日打起来。 5.北京世博翻译公司2 省略表示地点的前置词 
1)Smoking is prohibited in public place. 公共场所不准吸烟。 北京世博翻译公司2)Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country. 该过各地目前怨声载道。 3)Rumors has already spread along the street and lanes. 大街小巷早就传遍了各种流言蜚语。 表示地点的英语前置词在译文句首往往可以省略, 但放在动词后面却一般不省略, 如: 1)He stood by the desk. 他站在桌旁。 在 北京世博翻译公司2)She hid behind the door. 她躲在门背后。 在 3)I stayed in my brother’s home. 我住在弟弟家里。 在 汉语文言文中表示地点的介词在动词后面时, 一般也不省略, “鱼跃于渊” 如 (Fish jump in the deep pong) 但在诗词中, 。 则又常常省略, “鱼翔浅底” 如 (Fish glide in the limpid deep) 。 又如 “两个黄鹂鸣翠柳” “鸣翠柳” 中的 显然是 “鸣于翠柳” (…were twittering among the green willows) ,但由于七言字数的限制,介词“于”也就省略掉了。 B. 从修辞角度来看 从修辞角度来看 1. 英语句子中有些短语重复出现,英译汉时可按情况做适当省略。 1)University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 报考大学的人,有工作经验的优先录取。 如果不做省略,译成“报考大学的人,有工作经验的,比没有工作经验的,优先录取” ,就 显得罗嗦。 北京世博翻译公司2)Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving me, everybody of all knocked me about and starved me. 那时打我并且使我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆,而是老老少少各式各样的人。 如果翻译成 “那时不是一个老太婆打我并且使我挨饿, 而是老老少少各式各样的人大我并且 使我哎饿” ,就不够精练。 3)She curtseyed again, and would have blushed deeper, if she could have blushed deeper than she had blushed all the time. 她又行了一个屈膝礼, 因为她的脸一直是涨得绯红的, 所以现在也不可能涨的更红了。 此句如果译成“……如果她能比她一直涨的绯红的脸涨的更红,她就会涨的更红了” ,叠床 架屋,就显得非常罗嗦。 北京世博翻译公司2. 根据汉语习惯,译文中可以省略一些可有可无的词。 1)They could be adapted to the waging of people’s war of liberation but were rather useless in an anti-people’s war. 它们(这些著述)可以用之于人民的解放战争,但对反对人民的战争是无用的。 此句如果译成“……可以用之于进行人民的解放战争……”就嫌累赘,省去“进行” ,反觉 自然。 北京世博翻译公司2)In twelve Yenan years the Chinese Communists had fitted themselves to the land, the rhythm of its seasons, the mood of its peasants. 十二年的延安岁月, 中国共产党人已经适应了当地的风土和季节, 也适应了农民的气质。 
这里如把 the rhythm of its seasons 译成季节的“循环”就不符汉语的搭配关系,省去“循环” 无损原意。 3)There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the power of nature or the mechanisms of man’s hands and will master them all in the end. 仍然具有这种信念, 普通的人要比自然的力量或人类造出来的机器更伟大, 而且最 终会控制它们。 这里,the mechanisms of man’s hands 不必译为“人类的手造出来的机器” 。 4)As scheduled, American and Chinese diplomats met in January 北京世博翻译公司20, at the Chinese Embassy. It was their first get-together in more than two years. 美中两国外交官按照预定计划于一月二十日在(波兰)中国大使馆会晤。这是两年 多来第一次。 这里,上句已提到“会晤” ,所以下句 get-together 就可以省略不译了。 5)There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead. 天未下雪,但叶落草枯。 如果不省略而译成“……树叶从树上落下来,草也枯死了” ,就远不如“……叶落草枯”简 明洗练。 补充练习: University applicants who had worked out at a job would receive preference over those who had not.报考大学的人,有工作经验的优先录取。 But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. 穷人在没有政府资助的情况下也能活得不错,这个事实对多数人来说本身是个巨大胜利 Any excuse will serve if one has not a mind to do it.如不想干,总会找到借口。 But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved. 但是,主要的意见分歧是,像目前这样的城市是否要保存下去。 The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach. 车辆的代用燃料是我们将要着手处理的一个问题。 Standing as it does on a high hill, the church commands a beautiful view. 教堂建在高山上,向下眺望,风景优美。 Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.相反, 行为主义者认为, 成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的 许多有利条件。〔注释〕:原文中 fact 引导的从句是同位语从句,修饰名词 fact,在译成汉 语时, 不必译出, fact 因为后面的从句已经揭示了 fact 的具体含义。 同样 In spite of the fact that his initial experiments had failed. Prof. White persisted in his research. (尽管怀特教授最初的实 验失败了,但他仍坚持研究。)〔注意〕:英译汉时,有些起语法功能的词常常可以不译, 这些词包括:1)作形式主语或形式宾语的 it;北京世博翻译公司2)某些物主代词;3)强调句型中的 it 和表示时 间或表示地点的非人称 it;4)不影响主句与从句逻辑关系的连接词。请看下面示例: 北京世博翻译公司2) It is the uses to which television is put that determine its value to society. (电视对社会的价值 取决于我们怎样去利用它。) 我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。Our party has put an end to the social unrest(不安、动荡) and upheaval(剧变) of that time. 这些都是人民内部矛盾问题。All these are contradictions among the people.  翻译公司 (责任编辑:北京翻译公司)
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