- 笔译案例
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为联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）提供援助指南翻译
发布时间：2016-10-11 17:16 点击：
联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）是在全球范围内为每一位儿童争取权利的主导人道主义和发展机构。儿童的权利来自于安全的住所、营养、不受灾害和冲突的伤害，而且贯穿生命周期的始终：对健康新生儿的产前护理、洁净水与卫生环境、保健和教育。
联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）在过去的60年中致力于改善儿童及家人的生活。与儿童一起，并为儿童工作，从青春期一直到成年，需要全球共同的努力以取得成果并监测成效。联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）还说服领导人、思想家和决策者并于他们合作，从而促进所有儿童获得权利的渠道，尤其是那些最弱势的儿童。
Unitrans世联翻译，作为全球领先的翻译服务供应商，以低廉的价格，高品质的质量为全球非盈利机构提供优质的翻译服务，我们旨在为推动全球非盈利机构的发展尽自己的绵薄之力。
联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）援助指南，是一本介绍儿童早期发展科学（SECD）的手册。SECD旨在使任何有兴趣了解早期经历影响的人士开展现有研究，此类经历跨度时间从胎儿到八岁左右，研究对象主要是人类的终身健康和幸福。SECD最初是一种用于帮助分享关于早期大脑发育的新兴科学工具，如今，SECD已演变成三本在线生活教材和其他教育资源。SECD媒体内容丰富，包括大量最新研究，以及来自世界各地的节目示例。
Unitrans世联翻译作为联合国儿童基金会的长期翻译服务供应商，与联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）并肩发展，我们致力于引领中国翻译界迈向更高的巅峰。
部分翻译样文：
2.0 Technical Proposal
In this technical proposal, we present a description of how and when we propose to carry out each of the project tasks, a description of our proposed expert staff and how they will work together, a company profile for AIR, and three references that demonstrate our expertise and experience.
The six tasks presented in the request for proposal for services (RFPS) and terms of reference
(TOR) cover a diversity of topics, but these topics are interrelated in order to address UNICEF’s overarching interest in supporting China’s Ministry of Education and other national stakeholders in the development and testing of innovative approaches to education. Therefore, we have staff whose roles overlap across tasks (as appropriate based on their expertise), and will coordinate this work into a holistic body of support for the efforts of UNICEF China, China’s Ministry of Education, and other key stakeholders involved in the education of China’s children.
We have defined project activities and staff based on our understanding of the priorities of
UNICEF China and the Chinese government. Because we want to work collaboratively with UNICEF and bring in the best international expertise, we will use AIR’s deep bench of extensive networks in the areas covered by the contracts to identify appropriate additional consultants based on specific requirements for expertise that emerge over the course of this work, and we will maintain a flexible and collaborative approach that allows us to be open to adapting our proposed approaches to best align with the needs of the work. Consultants will be confirmed with UNICEF and, where appropriate, we will offer UNICEF multiple candidate options, always providing biographical information that identifies the individuals’ knowledge, expertise, and experience.
We will bring to this work the same level of quality, competence, humility, and cultural competence that we have provided in our work that started in 2008. We will work collaboratively and respectfully with UNICEF and its partners and use staff who are fluent in Mandarin when necessary. We also will leverage particular assets, including:
Our understanding of UNICEF China, its needs (e.g., relationships with funders), strategic approach to its work, and periodic timing and resources challenges;
Lessons learned about China and Chinese schools through both our work in China since 2008 and study tours that both PIs have completed;
Our knowledge of education and education reform in China, including UNICEF’s contributions;
Our long term respectful collaboration with many of UNICEF’s Chinese partners, including members of expert panels; and
The knowledge gained through PI Osher’s presentations at Beijng Normal University and presentations at seminars since 2008.
2.1 Requirements
In this section, we specify our approach to completing each of the tasks specified in the RFPS.
Task 1: Develop Assessment Standards for Creative Learning and Problem
Solving
This task reflects a new emphasis in China on the promotion of creative thinking and problem solving in the classroom. The purpose of this task is to support China’s national experts in the development of student assessment standards and indicators for creative learning and problem solving for students in Grades K–12 that will be appropriate for Chinese students and schools. For this task, we will draw on some of our team members from across other, overlapping tasks (such as teaching and learning experts), and anticipate using our professional networks to bring in additional expert consultants as needed. We will rely on the leadership of the Principal Investigator (PI), David Osher, who is familiar with the Chinese standards development process and has collaborated with Professor Xin Tao at Beijing Normal University since 2012. Dr. Osher has consulted on the development of social and emotional learning (SEL) standards for Illinois, Anchorage, Alaska; and Cleveland, Ohio. In addition, Dr. Osher has led standards development for the Conditions for Learning Survey, which was then applied with consultation from AIR to the development of the Middle Years Development Instrument by Dr. Kimberly Schonert-Reichl and colleagues, and is about to be used across Canada. Dr. Osher has partnered with the co-PI (Elizabeth Spier) in the development of standards and indicators for the global evaluation of Child Friendly Schools.
When appropriate, he will consult with two AIR colleagues: Gary Phillips, who like Dr.
Osher is both an AIR vice president and Institute Fellow, and Jennifer O’Day, who is also a fellow. Phillips, a former Commissioner of the National Center for Education Statistics is an expert in standards setting and on PISA. Dr. O’Day is nationally recognized for her study of the use and misuse of standards. In addition, Dr. O’Day, an expert in creating the conditions for deeper learning, is collaborating with Dr. Osher on aligning SEL and deeper learning. We are familiar with the very high level of expertise in the development of student assessments that exists in China. Therefore, we have not included AIR’s in-house assessment experts in our key staff for this proposal, although we do have a large number of highly qualified staff whom we could bring into the project, if needed.
Task 1a: Conduct Literature Review on Assessment of Creativity and Problem Solving
The purpose of this activity is to review international research on best practices in the assessment of student creative thinking and problem solving. Creativity includes a range of attributes which include but are not limited to flexibility and originality, including the ability to see problems in new ways. These skills depend in part on social and emotional skills-originality often involves perspective taking, the willingness to pursue ideas that others do not promote, and the assessment of which ideas are worth pursuing (Sternberg, 2006). Problem solving can include both brainstorming solutions, solving both academic and social problems and handling the negative emotions that may compromise cognitive reserve, and the ability to take academic risks. For example the common SEL problem solving paradigm includes:
identifying an emotionally challenging or problematic situation;
identifying and addressing the feelings related to it;
putting the problem into words and identifying a goal;
generating multiple options and analyzing their potential short and long-term consequences for ones self and others;
making a choice and planning and rehearsing how to carry out that choice; and
taking the necessary action and reflecting on what happened and what can be learned from it (Osher et al., in press).
Our review will include sources in English and Chinese. Three examples of what we will examine come from OECD, Canada, and the United States. The first is OECD’s assessment of problem solving in the PISA, which assesses student performance in creative problem solving and measures students’ capacity to respond to non-routine situations. Our examination here will include analyzing the psychometrics of the Chinese data from Shanghai and Macao. The second will be from British Columbia, a province with Canada’s aligned social emotional and creativity standards. The third will be those aspects of the U.S. Common Core assessments that draw upon creativity and problem solving (e.g., mathematics) along with work on assessing relevant 21st century learning skills. For example, one of the four dimensions of the Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills encompasses creativity and innovation, critical thinking, problem solving, and decisionmaking along with metacognition (Committee on the Assessment of 21st Century Skills, 2011).
When the review is completed, we will provide preliminary recommendations for the framework, structure and indicators to be used in China, which will be the base for work in subsequent tasks. We anticipate that our in-country partners for this effort (such as the Ministry of Education) may already be aware of some examples and resources, and we would ask them to share these with AIR.
We suggest that our focus on those aspects of creative thinking and problem solving can have a practical classroom application beyond the creation of standards. Creativity standards are related to the conditions for learning that support creativity and problem solving. This focus will enhance the practical use of our work and provide resources that can be used to assess how environments foster creativity and problem solving.
Task 1b: Identify China-Context Focused Areas for Development
This activity will be carried out through face-to-face meetings with China-based partners (such as the Ministry of Education) and remote support, which can build upon our long standing relations with our colleagues at Beijing Normal University. We will share the results of the literature review (Task 1a) and discuss how best to integrate known best practices in the assessment of creative thinking and problem solving into the Chinese context. It will be essential for any assessments developed for use in China to be fully aligned with China’s own concepts, goals, priorities, and strategies for the promotion of creative thinking and problem solving among Chinese students in Grades K–12. The end product of this work will be a strategy document for the development and validation of the standards and indicators.
Task 1c: Support Development of Draft Standards and Indicators
Based on the work carried out under Tasks 1a and 1b, China’s Supervision Office will play a lead role in the drafting of standards and indicators for the assessment of creative thinking and problem solving among students in Grades K–12. These standards should (1) be specific enough to provide expectations in relationship to the curriculum; (2) be aligned with China’s other performance standards, assessments, curricula, instructional practices, and principles of learning; and (3) be understandable for teachers, parents, and students (Hansche, 1998). We anticipate that the standards will be differentiated by grade level, increasing in rigor according to children’s development, and fit well within the existing standards for other subjects within a grade level (Rabinowitz, Roeber, Schroeder, &Sheinker, 2006).
As specified within the TOR, AIR’s role will be to provide input and technical support in this process, through a combination of face-to-face meetings and remote support. The standards indicators will be drafted in both English and Chinese. Our technical support here will be supplemented by the knowledge provided to Chinese specialists during the field visits to the United States (as discussed in Task 4), where they can observe innovative practices in use under the guidance of PI David Osher who leads both tasks.
Task 1d: Support the Finalisation of Standards and Indicators
We assume that China’s Supervision Office (and/or other in-country partners as appropriate) will carry out field testing and validation of the standards and assessments, according to the plan set forth in Task 1b. AIR’s role will be to provide input and technical support for the field testing and validation of standards and indicators as we have done in our work with UNICEF in the evaluation of the Child Friendly Schools pilot where we have supported of Shanghai Academy For Educational Research. Here we and the consultants that we bring on will provide the support though experience in developing standards and indicators. The standards and indicators will be finalised in both English and Chinese. Task 1e: Joint Documentation and Publication of Project Work
Please see Task 5 below for information on how we propose to carry out documentation and publication of project work.
联合国儿童基金会介绍：
联合国儿童基金会是促进建立一个实现儿童权利世界的主要推动力。我们对全球决策者及基层各类合作伙伴的影响力可将一些富有创意的想法变为现实。这个特性使得我们有别于其他世界组织和从事儿童工作的组织。
我们相信抚养和关爱儿童是人类发展的基石。联合国儿童基金会就是为了实现这一目的而创立的—与其他机构协力克服贫困、暴力、疾病和歧视给儿童成长之路带来的障碍。我们认为我们能够携手推进这一人道主义事业。
我们支持一切为儿童提供最美好人生开端的措施，因为在年幼时得到适当的关爱可以为一个人的未来打下最牢固的基础。
我们提倡女童接受教育——确保她们至少完成初等教育——因为这将使所有儿童受益，不论男女。受过教育的女孩长大后能更有智慧、成为良好公民以及爱护子女负责任的母亲。
我们为使所有儿童都能接受针对儿童常见疾病的免疫接种、使他们都得到充分的营养而努力工作，因为让一个儿童遭受可预防疾病的痛苦或死于可预防疾病都是错误的。
我们努力防止艾滋病在年轻人中间传播，因为使他们免受伤害并赋予他们保护其他人的能力是正确的。我们帮助受艾滋病影响的儿童和家庭重过一种有尊严的生活。
我们需要每个一人的参与去创建一个保护儿童的环境。我们随时准备在紧急情况下以及在儿童受到威胁的任何地方帮助儿童减轻痛苦，因为任何儿童都不应遭受暴力、虐待或剥削。
联合国儿童基金会支持《儿童权利公约》。我们努力确保受歧视的人、特别是女孩和妇女获得平等待遇。我们为实现《千年发展目标》和《联合国宪章》中的承诺而努力。我们为实现和平与安全而奋斗，并致力鼓励每个人对儿童作出的承诺负责任。
我们是“全球儿童运动”组织的一部分——该组织是一个致力改善儿童生活的广泛联盟。我们通过该运动以及联合国关于儿童问题大会的特别会议等事件鼓励年轻人大胆说出他们的看法并参与影响他们生活的决定。
我们通过国家方案和国家委员会在190多个国家和地区开展工作。我们是联合国儿童基金会。
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